Transición y reforma psiquiátrica en España desde la perspectiva de las publicaciones periódicas producidas por y para los pacientes (1966-1989) / Transition and psychiatric reform in Spain from the perspective of periodical publications produced by and for patients (1966-1989)

Las publicaciones periódicas producidas por personas con enfermedad mental en instituciones psiquiátricas (periódicos, revistas, boletines…) tienen casi dos siglos de historia. Sin embargo, a pesar de su innegable interés como fuente historiográfica y testimonio narrativo en primera persona, generalmente han sido desatendidas como objeto de interés y estudio, descuidándose igualmente su conservación. El objetivo del trabajo, tras la búsqueda, digitalización y revisión del mayor número de ejemplares en España entre los años 1966 y 1989, será presentar el reflejo de la transición y reforma asistencial psiquiátrica española en las publicaciones localizadas. La gran dificultad para encontrar un importante número de ellas, previsiblemente algunas ya irremediablemente perdidas, motivó el desarrollo en paralelo de un proyecto de catalogación y conservación de los fondos conocidos, que queda ahora abierto a la colaboración pública y accesible enwww.psiquifanzines.com. (AU)

Periodical publications produced by people with mental illness in psychiatric institutions (newspapers, magazines, newsletters…) have almost two centuries of history. However, despite their undeniable interest as a historiographic source and first-person narrative testimony, they have generally been neglected as an object of interest and study, and their conservation has also been neglected. The objective of this paper, after the search, digitization, and review of the largest number of these kind of publications in Spain between 1966 and 1989, is to present the reflection that the transition and Spanish reform of psychiatric care had in the localized publications. The great difficulty in finding a significant number of them, foreseeably some of them are already lost forever, motivated the parallel development of a project for the cataloguing and conservation of known collections, which is now open to public collaboration and accessible in www.psiquifanzines.com. (AU)

"Un periódico de considerable interés" en Essex y "Sotto-Pancia" en Florencia. dos publicaciones, pioneras y olvidadas, editadas en establecimientos psiquiátricos / "A newspaper of considerable interest" in Essex and "Sotto-Pancia" in Florence. two pioneering and forgotten publications, edited by people in psychiatric institutions

Resulta sorprendente que algunas publicaciones periódicas, editadas por personas con enfermedad mental en diversos entornos psiquiátricos, se remontan a hace casi dos siglos. Primero en las grandes instituciones psiquiátricas como parte integrante del tratamiento moral, para más recientemente dar el salto a otros entornos asistenciales y comunitarios, como son hospitales de día y comunidades terapéuticas. Sin embargo, a pesar de su dilatada historia y haber sobrevivido a las diferentes corrientes teóricas y asistenciales, siendo un fiel reflejo de sus postulados y métodos, llama la atención el poco caso e interés despertado en los ámbitos académicos en relación con su estudio y conservación, habiéndose perdido irremediablemente muchas de ellas para el futuro. El trabajo pretende rescatar del olvido dos de aquellos pioneros periódicos. Uno, "un periódico de considerable interés" en Essex (Inglaterra), que reclamaría para sí el honor de ser el primero de esas características en la historia, desplazando de esa posición a la Retreat Gazette de Connecticut (Estados Unidos). El segundo, el Sotto-Pancia, en Florencia, que precedió en el tiempo al Diario dell' ospizio di San Benedetto promovido por Lombroso en Pesaro y considerado hasta ahora el primero en Italia

It is surprising that some periodicals, edited by people with mental illness in various psychiatric settings, date back almost two centuries. First in large psychiatric institutions as an integral part of moral treatment, to make the leap more recently to other community settings, such as day hospitals and therapeutic communities. However, despite its long history and having survived the different theoretical and clinical models, being a faithful reflection of its postulates and methods, it is striking the little case and interest aroused in academic fields in relation to its study and conservation, having lost many of those publications for the future. The work aims to rescue from oblivion two of those pioneering periodicals. One, "a newspaper of considerable interest" in Essex (England), which would claim for itself the honour of being the first of these characteristics in history, displacing from that position the Retreat Gazette of Connecticut (United States). The second, the Sotto-Pancia, in Florence, which preceded to the Diario dell 'ospizio di San Benedetto promoted by Lombroso in Pesaro, that was considered so far the first in Italy

Pasando el testigo de la Revista / Passing the baton of the Journal

No disponible

"La Razón de la Sin Razón", revista de los señores pensionistas de un instituto manicómico, y la otra prensa "cuerda" de la época (1865, 1879-81) / "La Razón de la Sin Razón", magazine of the pensioners in an asylum institute, and the other "sane" periodicals of the time (1865, 1879-1881)

No disponible

Al hilo del Premio Ángel Garma y las publicaciones sobre psicoanálisis / In line with the Angel Garma Prize and publications on psychoanalysis

No disponible

Identifying at-risk states beyond positive symptoms: a brief task assessing how neurocognitive impairments impact on misrepresentation of the social world through blunted emotional appraisal / Identificando estados de risco para além dos sintomas positivos: um teste breve que avalia o impacto de disfunções neurocognitivas sobre a interpretação errônea do mundo social resultante de avaliação emocional embotada

OBJECTIVE: Neurocognitive impairments observed in psychotic disorder may impact on emotion recognition and theory of mind, resulting in altered understanding of the social world. Early intervention efforts would be served by further elucidation of this mechanism. METHOD: Patients with a psychotic disorder (n=30) and a reference control group (n=310) were asked to offer emotional appraisals of images of social situations (EASS task). The degree to which case-control differences in appraisals were mediated by neurocognitive alterations was analyzed. RESULTS: The EASS task displayed convergent and discriminant validity. Compared to controls, patients displayed blunted emotional appraisal of social situations (B=0.52, 95 percent CI: 0.30, 0.74, P<0.001; adjusted for age, sex and number of years of education: B=0.44, 95 percent CI: 0.20, 0.68, P<0.001), a difference of 0.88 (adjusted: 0.75) standard deviation. After adjustment for neurocognitive variables, the case-control difference was reduced by nearly 75 percent and was non-significant (B=0.12, 95 percent CI: -0.14, 0.39, P=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive impairments observed in patients with psychotic disorder may underlie misrepresentation of the social world, mediated by altered emotion recognition. A task assessing the social impact of cognitive alterations in clinical practice may be useful in detecting key alterations very early in the course of psychotic illness.

OBJETIVO: Melhoras neurocognitivas observadas no transtorno psicótico podem ter impacto no reconhecimento de emoções e na teoria da mente, resultando numa alteração na compreensão do mundo social. Esforços para uma intervenção precoce poderiam se beneficiar de uma maior elucidação deste mecanismo. MÉTODO: Pacientes com transtornos psicóticos (n=30) e um grupo controle de referência (n=310) foram convidados a realizar avaliações emocionais de imagens de situações sociais (teste AESS). A relação das diferenças entre casos e controles com as alterações neurocognitivas foi analisada. RESULTADOS: O teste AESS apresentou validade convergente e discriminatória. Quando comparados aos controles, os pacientes apresentaram avaliação emocional embotada das situações sociais (B=0,52, 95 por cento CI: 0,30, 0,74, P<0,001; ajustado para a idade, sexo e número de anos de educação: B=0,44, 95 por cento CI: 0,20, 0,68, P<0001), uma diferença de 0,88 (ajustado: 0,75) desvio-padrão. Após o ajuste para as variáveis neurocognitivas, as diferenças no estudo caso-controle foram reduzidas em quase 75 por cento e deixaram de ser significativas (B=0,12, 95 por cento CI: -0,14, 0.39, P=0,37). CONCLUSÕES: Disfunções neurocognitivas observadas em pacientes com transtornos psicóticos podem ser subjacentes a uma distorção do mundo social, mediada pela alteração no reconhecimento de emoções. Um teste que avalie o impacto social de alterações cognitivas na prática clínica pode ser útil para a detecção das principais alterações nos primeiros estágios de transtornos psicóticos.

De visita al manicomio / No disponible

No disponible

Identifying at-risk states beyond positive symptoms: a brief task assessing how neurocognitive impairments impact on misrepresentation of the social world through blunted emotional appraisal.

OBJECTIVE: Neurocognitive impairments observed in psychotic disorder may impact on emotion recognition and theory of mind, resulting in altered understanding of the social world. Early intervention efforts would be served by further elucidation of this mechanism. METHOD: Patients with a psychotic disorder (n=30) and a reference control group (n=310) were asked to offer emotional appraisals of images of social situations (EASS task). The degree to which case-control differences in appraisals were mediated by neurocognitive alterations was analyzed. RESULTS: The EASS task displayed convergent and discriminant validity. Compared to controls, patients displayed blunted emotional appraisal of social situations (B=0.52, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.74, P<0.001; adjusted for age, sex and number of years of education: B=0.44, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.68, P<0.001), a difference of 0.88 (adjusted: 0.75) standard deviation. After adjustment for neurocognitive variables, the case-control difference was reduced by nearly 75% and was non-significant (B=0.12, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.39, P=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive impairments observed in patients with psychotic disorder may underlie misrepresentation of the social world, mediated by altered emotion recognition. A task assessing the social impact of cognitive alterations in clinical practice may be useful in detecting key alterations very early in the course of psychotic illness.

Periodistas y reporteros gráficos como agentes de cambio en psiquiatría. Imágenes-denuncia para el recuerdo / Journalists and graphic reporters as agents of change in psychiatry. Awareness-raising images for remembrance

Se presenta el importante papel que la prensa y reporteros gráficos han tenido en muchos lugares y circunstancias históricas, tanto en la sensibilización de la población frente a la enfermedad mental como en la denuncia de situaciones de claro abuso o descuido de los derechos de los enfermos. Para ello haremos un recorrido a través de diferentes ejemplos significativos. Primando la referencia a trabajos de contenido gráfico que nos permitan hacernos una idea visual de las condiciones asistenciales en las que se ha desenvuelto y se desenvuelve el enfermo mental, se ha intentado citar el mayor número de obras disponibles en Internet para facilitar la consulta de las imágenes. Ilustraciones que aunque generalmente se presentan como denuncia de las condiciones de vida del enfermo mental, ocasionalmente también se divulgan con el ánimo de presentar los logros obtenidos y mejoras realizadas tras diferentes procesos de cambio (AU)

The paper presents the important role that the Press and photo-journalists have had in many places and historical circumstances, sensitizing the population and denouncing situations of clear abuse or negligence of patient's rights. Focusing in this function we will try to present different significant examples. Prioritizing the reference to works of graphical content will allow us making a visual idea of the conditions in which the mental patient has been and is treated; this is why it has been tried to mention the greater number of works available in Internet to facilitate the consultation of the images. Illustrations that although generally denounce the conditions of life of the mental patient, occasionally they are also disclosed with the spirit of presenting the improvements made after different processes of change (AU)

Asistencia psiquiátrica sectorizada en las tres últimas décadas. Efectos sobre los ingresos del área Uribe Costa en Vizcaya / Sectorised psychiatric services in the last three decades. Observed effects on psychiatric admissions in Uribe Costa area in Biscay

Se estudian el número de ingresos psiquiátricos de una determinada área de captación, antes y después de la creación de un servicio comunitario de salud mental, analizándose tasas, tiempos, vías y hospital de ingreso, tiempos de estancia y continuidad de cuidados posthospitalización

All psychiatric admissions from a given catchment area, before and after the creation of a community mental health centre, are studied. Rates, length of stay, derivation and hospital of admission as well as continuity of care are studied and trends presented

Taller psicopedagógico para crisis de ansiedad y agarofobia / No disponible

Estructura y contenidos de un taller psicopedagógico para pacientes con crisis de ansiedad, con o sin agorafobia y sus familiares. Altamente estructurado, con recurso a diverso material de apoyo, durante 1 mes con 4 sesiones de 1,5 horas, con diferentes actividades y “tareas para casa”. Además, se presenta la evolución clínica de 55 participantes, con una significativa reducción en las crisis referidas y niveles de ansiedad generalizada. Junto a ello, un cuestionario de satisfacción recoge una positiva valoración de los participantes(AU)

Structure and contents of a psychopedagogic group for patients with panic attacks, with or without agoraphobia, and their relatives. Highly structured and using diverse helping materials, runs for 1 month in 4 sessions of 1,5 hours, with different activities and “home work”. It is also presented the clinical evolution of 55 participants, having observed a significant reduction in the number of reported crisis and level of generalised anxiety. With a satisfaction questionnaire, a positive valorisation is elicited from the participants(AU)